However, there is text that may belong to the Charvaka tradition, written by the skeptic philosopher Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa, known as the Tattvôpaplava-siṁha, that provides information about this school, albeit unorthodox. Much of the primary literature of Charvaka, and the Barhaspatya sutras, were lost either due to waning popularity or other unknown reasons. Its onetime importance is confirmed by the lengthy attempts to disprove it found in both Buddhist and Hindu philosophical texts, which also constitute the main sources for knowledge of the doctrine. It used to be a popular belief system in ancient India, although Charvaka doctrine disappeared by the end of the medieval period. It also rejects supernatural concepts like God, the soul, and metaphysical concepts like the Afterlife (reincarnation) and samsara. The school holds direct perception, empiricism, and conditional inference as proper sources of knowledge, embraces philosophical skepticism, and rejects ritualism and supernaturalism. Along with Buddhism and Jainism, it was one of the three major nastika schools of Indian philosophy. It was an materialistic and atheistic school of philosophy. It rejects religious authorities like the Vedas and opposes Hinduism. Charvaka (Sanskrit: चार्वाक IAST: Cārvāka), also known as Lokāyata, was an ancient school of Indian materialism.
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